Coronary Artery Disease Quiz Coronary Artery Disease Quiz 1. What is the main cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? a) Bacterial infection b) Viral infection c) Atherosclerosis d) Autoimmune disorder 2. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for CAD? a) Hypertension b) Obesity c) Regular exercise d) Diabetes 3. What are the typical symptoms of CAD? a) Fever and cough b) Chest pain and discomfort c) Nausea and vomiting d) Dizziness and headache 4. How is CAD diagnosed?
Addison's Disease Medical Exam MCQ Questions With Answers
A 28-year-old female patient is diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is the first-line treatment for this condition?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Metformin
C. Hydrocortisone
D. Insulin
Answer: C. Hydrocortisone is the first-line treatment for Addison's disease. It is a steroid hormone that replaces the cortisol deficiency in the body.
A 45-year-old male patient with Addison's disease is scheduled for surgery. What precautions should be taken in terms of his medication?
A. The patient should stop taking his medication at least 24 hours before surgery.
B. The patient's medication should be increased before surgery.
C. The patient's medication should be continued as usual.
D. The patient should switch to a different medication before surgery.
Answer: C. The patient's medication should be continued as usual. Patients with Addison's disease require lifelong steroid replacement therapy, and sudden withdrawal of medication can cause an adrenal crisis.
A 35-year-old female patient with Addison's disease presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Which of the following is the appropriate initial treatment?
A. Administer intravenous fluids and antibiotics
B. Perform surgery to remove the affected organ
C. Increase the patient's steroid medication dose
D. Administer pain medication and discharge the patient
Answer: C. Increasing the patient's steroid medication dose is the appropriate initial treatment in this scenario. The patient may be experiencing an adrenal crisis, which is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt steroid replacement therapy.
A 50-year-old male patient with Addison's disease is taking hydrocortisone as his steroid replacement therapy. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
A. Hypotension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: A. Hypotension is a potential side effect of hydrocortisone. This medication can cause fluid retention and sodium retention, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. Other potential side effects include hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and Cushing's syndrome.
A 60-year-old female patient with Addison's disease is experiencing persistent fatigue and muscle weakness despite being on steroid replacement therapy. Which of the following is a potential cause of her symptoms?
A. Adrenal crisis
B. Overmedication with steroids
C. Undermedication with steroids
D. Secondary adrenal insufficiency
Answer: C. Undermedication with steroids is a potential cause of persistent symptoms in patients with Addison's disease. The steroid replacement therapy may need to be adjusted based on the patient's symptoms and cortisol levels. Overmedication with steroids can also cause symptoms such as weight gain, mood changes, and increased risk of infections.
- A patient with Addison's disease presents to the emergency room with severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?
c) Hydrocortisone enema
d) Surgery to remove the adrenal glands
- A patient with Addison's disease is scheduled to undergo surgery. How should their corticosteroid replacement therapy be managed?
c) Continue the same dose of corticosteroids before the surgery
d) Stop corticosteroid therapy before the surgery
- A patient with Addison's disease is experiencing recurrent episodes of low blood pressure and fainting. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate to manage their symptoms?
c) Fludrocortisone
d) Cortisol injections
- A patient with Addison's disease is pregnant. How should their corticosteroid replacement therapy be managed during pregnancy?
c) The same dose of corticosteroids can be continued during pregnancy
d) Corticosteroid therapy should be stopped during pregnancy
a) Intravenous fluids and antiemetics
Answer: a) Intravenous fluids and antiemetics. In this scenario, the patient is likely experiencing an adrenal crisis, which is a life-threatening complication of Addison's disease. The first priority is to stabilize the patient's condition with intravenous fluids and antiemetics. High-dose corticosteroids are also necessary, but they should be administered after the patient's fluid and electrolyte imbalances have been corrected.
a) Increase the dose of corticosteroids before the surgery
Answer: a) Increase the dose of corticosteroids before the surgery. Surgery can be stressful for patients with Addison's disease, and may trigger an adrenal crisis. To prevent this, the patient's corticosteroid dose should be increased before the surgery, and should be continued throughout the perioperative period. The exact dose will depend on the individual patient's needs and the type of surgery they are undergoing.
a) Beta blockers
Answer: c) Fludrocortisone. In this scenario, the patient is likely experiencing orthostatic hypotension, a common complication of Addison's disease. Fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that can help to increase blood volume and blood pressure, and is often used to manage this symptom. Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers can actually worsen hypotension in patients with Addison's disease. Cortisol injections may be used in emergency situations, but are not a long-term solution for managing hypotension.
a) The dose of corticosteroids should be decreased during pregnancy
Answer: b) The dose of corticosteroids should be increased during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a stressful time for the body, and can increase the risk of adrenal crisis in patients with Addison's disease. To prevent this, the patient's corticosteroid dose should be increased during pregnancy, and may need to be adjusted throughout each trimester. Cortisol injections may also be necessary during delivery to prevent an adrenal crisis. Corticosteroids are safe to use during pregnancy and are important for maintaining the health of both the mother and the fetus.
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